CVE-2025-25291
ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)
Description
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
How to fix CVE-2025-25291
To remediate CVE-2025-25291, upgrade the affected package to a fixed version below.
- —upgrade to 17.9.2 or later
- —upgrade to 1.11.0-1+deb11u2 or later
- —upgrade to 1.11.0-1+deb11u2 or later
- —upgrade to 2.2.3 or later
- —upgrade to 1.12.4 or later
Is CVE-2025-25291 being exploited?
Moderate — EPSS is 20.8%. Track this CVE but it's not at the top of the prioritisation list.
Affected packages (5)
- from 0, < 17.9.2
- from 0, < 1.11.0-1+deb11u2
- from 0, < 1.11.0-1+deb11u2
- >= 2.2.0, < 2.2.3
- from 0, < 1.12.4
CVSS scores
| Source | Version | Severity | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| osv | CVSS 4.0 | — | CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N |
| osv | CVSS 3.1 | CRITICAL9.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |